Articles

Lo sport et il periodo fascista in Italia

Il periodo fascista si è svolto dal 1922 al 1943. Quest'era un periodo che ha reso lo sport importante nell’ideologia fascista. In effetti, in Italia, il Duce Benito Mussolini ha imposto quest’ ideologia alla popolazione italiana. Così, ci chiederemo se lo sport fascista era un supporto di integrazione. In primo luogo, lo sport doveva servire alla popolazione e alla patria con molte mete come il miglioramento della “razza” con un uomo che doveva diventare sano. Questa “razza italiana” doveva essere sana per la diffusione di quest’ultima. In effetti, Mussolini voleva creare di nuovo l’impero italiano. Inoltre, un impero ha bisogno di soldati e di cittadini. Gli italiani dovevano diventare forti con lo sport per fare la guerra. Così, l’Italia diventava una “Nazione guerriera”. Questa politica era portata per “foggiare e temprare” l'Italia. Poi, lo sport era un'educazione morale, con l'abitudine alla disciplina, all’obbedienza. Così, lo sport permetteva al governo italian...

赵无极 : 中国著名的抽象画家

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赵无极出生于1921年,去世于2003年。他从小喜欢画画。1935年,他十四岁的时候去杭州美术学院学画画。他不喜欢中国传统画,他想画新的东西。在二十世纪二三十年代,他看了欧洲画家的作品,像塞尚、马蒂斯和毕加索。他开始画抽象画。 1949年,赵无极去了法国。他的画从1952年开始在巴黎、瑞士、美国的华盛顿、芝加哥和纽约展出。他的画用很多颜色和大笔触。他的作品很自由,也很有情感。1964年,他成为法国公民。1984年,他获得法国荣誉勋章。 赵无极有很多著名的作品,比如《无题》、《紫色》、《水之韵》和《风景抽象》。他的画表现自然的力量和美。他的画有时候很悲伤,也有时候像风和水在动。 我很喜欢赵无极的画。他的画很有创造力,也有一点奇怪。我能感觉到他爱艺术,也能感觉到他的情感。赵无极是一位很特别的艺术家,他对世界艺术有很大影响。 Image : Unsplash, libre de droit

Carolyn Bessette or a fashion icon's tragic fate

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Once Upon a Time is the title of the biography of Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy , C.B.K., written by Elizabeth Beller and published in 2024. “Once upon a time,” the prince of America, John F. Kennedy Jr. , fell in love with a Calvin Klein executive, an ordinary woman in many respects, yet a rising fashion icon far removed from the tumultuous world of the Kennedy family …      The biography inspired a miniseries created by Ryan Murphy ( American Horror Story , Glee , etc.), which aired in February 2025: Love Story: John F. Kennedy Jr. & Carolyn Bessette , starring Sarah Pidgeon as Carolyn and Paul Anthony Kelly as John.      Carolyn Bessette was born on January 7, 1966. Coming from a middle-class family, it was difficult for young Carolyn to build connections in her chosen field: fashion. In 1989, she worked as a sales associate at Calvin Klein in Boston. Nevertheless, her chic, refined taste and her outspoken personality quickly set her apart; sh...

L’Iran, un régime théocratique sous tension

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            L’Iran est un pays de plus de 90 millions d’habitants au cœur du Moyen-Orient, entre l'Afghanistan et l’Irak. En 1979, la Révolution Islamique a lieu et le Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , monarque, est renversé. Rouhollah Khomeini arrive au pouvoir en tant qu’ayatollah, guide suprême religieux, et impose la charia , l’ensemble des lois islamiques régissant la vie des musulmans. Or, ce régime demeure autoritaire et réprime fortement les opposants ainsi que les femmes, se voyant notamment obligée de porter le voile dans l’espace public. En effet, plusieurs séries d’émeutes et de révoltes populaires ont eu lieu : 2009, 2017 et surtout en septembre 2022 après la mort de Mahsa Amini qui avait été arrêtée par la “ police de la morale ” pour manquement au port du voile.   Depuis décembre 2025, des manifestations populaires reprennent sur le fond de revendications sur l’inflation et la vie chère. En effet, le 28 décembre dernier, d...

Les révoltes de la "Gen Z" : les jeunes en colère

       Le mois de septembre 2025 a été le théâtre de plusieurs révoltes à travers le monde, sous couvert de revendications menées par la “ Génération Z ”. Ces individus nés entre 1997 et 2012, maîtres des réseaux sociaux numériques, usent de ces outils pour partager leurs opinions et revendications politiques. Le Népal , le Maroc , Madagascar : tous ces pays émergeants ou en voie de développement ont été secoués par des révoltes populaires. Tout d’abord, les jeunes népalais ont été les premiers de cette série inédite de révoltes en renversant notamment leur gouvernement. En effet, les 8 et 9 septembre derniers, les népalais ont manifesté contre l’interdiction de plus d’une vingtaine de réseaux sociaux par les autorités. Néanmoins, les causes demeurent plus profondes que cela. En effet, le pays aux 30 millions d’habitants fait face depuis plusieurs années à de fortes inégalités sociales mais également à une rupture entre les dirigeants âgés et une population rajeun...

March of Washington, or a true revolution

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            The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in Washington, D.C., on August 28, 1963. The goal of the march was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African-Americans in the United States. This event has been marked by the famous speech of Dr. Martin Luther King in front of the Lincoln Memorial , a real symbol of freedom: “ I have a dream ”. Indeed, he called for an end of legalized racism and segregation. The march was orchestrated by Bayard Rustin and Asa Philip Randolph , both activists. According to multiple sources and the participants themselves, around 200,000 to 300,000 people were in Washington’s streets. Observers estimated that 75% to 80% of the marchers were Black which constitutes a revolution for the Civil Rights movement . The activists began their massive undertaking in 1961, and planned to advocate for a program of public works, including job training programs for the unemployed. They also urged t...

Malcolm X, a martyr ?

     Malcolm X was an African-American activist during the Civil Rights movement . Indeed, known by the name Al-Hâjj Mâlik al-Shabazz as well, he acted for equality between blacks and whites in the United States. He was born in 1925 and died assassinated in 1965. He was the spokesperson of the Nation of Islam (NOI) — a religious organization which pledges black nationalism and the orthodox values of the Quran — until 1964 when he left the movement. Therefore, he was quite a controversial figure in the Civil Rights movement as he called for revolution by violence against the implanted government. During his early years, Malcolm X has been known by the police for drug dealing, gambling, robbery, and pimping in New York. In 1946, he was imprisoned. In jail-time, Malcolm has encountered members of the NOI, which made him a part of the organization. From his liberation in 1956, he became important in the NOI. Within those years, he was known for his fiery rhetoric against s...